Rollup
다른 명칭: Layer 2 Rollup, L2 Rollup
A Layer 2 scaling solution that executes transactions off-chain and posts compressed data to the main blockchain for security.
Rollups are Layer 2 scaling solutions that execute transactions off the main blockchain (Layer 1) while still inheriting its security. They "roll up" hundreds or thousands of transactions into a single batch, posting compressed data back to the L1 for verification.
How Rollups Work:
- Users submit transactions to rollup sequencer
- Sequencer executes transactions off-chain
- Batched transaction data compressed and posted to L1
- L1 provides data availability and finality
- Security derived from underlying L1 (usually Ethereum)
Two Main Types:
Optimistic Rollups: - Assume transactions are valid by default - Fraud proofs can challenge invalid batches - 7-day challenge period for withdrawals - Examples: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base
ZK (Zero-Knowledge) Rollups: - Validity proofs mathematically verify correctness - No challenge period needed - Faster finality but more complex - Examples: zkSync, StarkNet, Scroll, Linea
Comparison:
| Feature | Optimistic | ZK |
|---|---|---|
| Withdrawal time | ~7 days | Minutes |
| Proof cost | Lower | Higher |
| EVM compatibility | Easier | Harder |
| Maturity | More mature | Rapidly evolving |
Benefits: - 10-100x lower gas costs vs L1 - Inherit Ethereum security - Higher throughput - Same developer tools (EVM compatible)
Rollup Ecosystem (2026): Rollups have become the dominant scaling approach, with Arbitrum and Base leading in TVL, and ZK rollups rapidly gaining ground as technology matures.
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