Blockchain
別名: Distributed Ledger, DLT
A decentralized, immutable digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers.
A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger shared among computer network nodes. It stores information electronically in digital format and is best known for its crucial role in cryptocurrency systems like Bitcoin, where it maintains a secure and decentralized record of transactions.
The key innovation of blockchain technology is that it guarantees the fidelity and security of data records and generates trust without requiring a trusted third party. Data is structured into blocks, and each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. This creates a chain of blocks, hence the name "blockchain."
Key characteristics: - Decentralization: No single entity controls the network - Immutability: Once data is recorded, it cannot be altered - Transparency: All transactions are visible to network participants - Security: Cryptographic hashing ensures data integrity
Blockchains can be public (like Bitcoin and Ethereum), where anyone can participate, or private/permissioned, where access is restricted to authorized participants.