Token Standard
Còn được gọi là: ERC Standard, Token Protocol, Token Specification
A set of rules and interfaces that define how tokens behave on a blockchain, ensuring compatibility across wallets, exchanges, and DeFi protocols.
A token standard is a technical specification that defines how tokens are created, transferred, and managed on a blockchain. Standards ensure that all tokens following the same rules are compatible with every wallet, exchange, and decentralized application on that network.
Major Ethereum Token Standards:
| Standard | Type | Use Case | Example Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERC-20 | Fungible | Currencies, governance | USDC, UNI, LINK |
| ERC-721 | Non-Fungible | Unique assets, art | CryptoPunks, BAYC |
| ERC-1155 | Multi-Token | Gaming items, mixed | ENS, gaming assets |
| ERC-4626 | Tokenized Vault | Yield-bearing tokens | aUSDC, stETH (some) |
ERC-20 (Fungible Tokens): The most widely used standard. Every ERC-20 token implements the same functions: - `transfer()`: Send tokens to another address - `approve()`: Allow a contract to spend tokens on your behalf - `balanceOf()`: Check token balance of an address - `totalSupply()`: Total tokens in existence
This uniformity means any ERC-20 token works with MetaMask, Uniswap, and Aave without custom integration.
ERC-721 (Non-Fungible Tokens): Each token has a unique ID. Used for NFTs where every token is different (art, collectibles, real estate deeds).
ERC-1155 (Multi-Token): Supports both fungible and non-fungible tokens in one contract. Efficient for gaming where you might have unique swords (non-fungible) and gold coins (fungible) in the same system.
Standards on Other Chains:
| Chain | Fungible | NFT |
|---|---|---|
| Solana | SPL Token | Metaplex NFT |
| BNB Chain | BEP-20 | BEP-721 |
| Cosmos | CW-20 | CW-721 |
| Bitcoin | BRC-20, Runes | Ordinals |
Why Standards Matter: Without standards, every token would need custom integration with every platform. Standards create a common language that makes the entire ecosystem interoperable, allowing any new token to immediately work with existing infrastructure.
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